The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.